do you bend aluminum with or against the grain

RE: Minimum Bend Radius for 2024-T3 Alumuminum Enjoy full access to the digital edition of The Additive Report to learn how to use additive manufacturing technology to increase operational efficiency and improve the bottom line. You should be able to see little lines or ridges running along the surface of the cardboard. Cold-rolled steel, on the other hand, is rolled after the material has cooled, below the recrystallization point. Bending metal against the grain or perpendicular to the grain is a common way to prevent material failure or cracking. Bending is a delicate and demanding process most of the time and common fabricating processes require a degree of formability that make your choice of proper alloy critical. You can make a bend with a tighter inside radius without cracking if the bend line is across the grain, rather than parallel. Once the crystallites are elongated, they appear as the grain that we see in cold-rolled steel. Wood: Strength and Stiffness Table 1 Major elastic constants for five wood species at 12% moisture content.a Property Loblolly pine Sitka spruce Red oak Yellow poplar Balsa E … The number of kerf lines depends on the degree of the bend… For ordinary work, it's usually good practise to use an inside radius large enough that you don't need to be unduly concerned about grain direction. Because rolling occurs below the recrystallization point, new grains can form as the old and damaged grains are replaced. C — the piece should be bent slowly to eliminate cracking. Prints with CAD drawings sometimes have only the most basic information, which in turn can lead to serious production problems. ALUMINUM - Recommended Minimum Bend Radius for … To predict the material’s behavior accurately during bending, especially at the press brake, you need to accommodate for the grain direction. Easily access valuable industry resources now with full access to the digital edition of The FABRICATOR. With the right tools, you can easily straighten aluminum yourself rather than spending money on a … If the grain runs up and down, cut left to right. Bend Stronger by Bending Against During forming, cold-rolled steel is strongest when a bend is made against the grain, weaker when bent with the grain. Fortunately for you, 6061 is the cheapest garbage metal which allows it to be welded. If you bend some parts with, others against, and still others diagonal to the grain direction, you’ll make each bend angle and dimension different from the last. We are hard-pressed to get two bends to come out the same. Polycrystalline materials are solids comprised of a variety of differing crystallites, which are also commonly referred to as the grain of the metal. 1959 Santa Fe. You also want to bend the metal against the grain for less chance of cracking, bending metal with the grain is a sure way of it cracking. Expect to pay 4X the price of 6061 sheet which is about twice the price of 5052 sheet which is very easy to bend. The Aluminum Association has recommended radii but the aerospace industry may have different ( I hope more conservative ) numbers. Grain Direction. If you create designs for Does it matter more with say the higher alloys used for planes over say a 3000 series aluminum where its application is less critical? Hi I have never heard of a grain in metal and certainly have never seen one. The FABRICATOR's Technology Summit & Tours. Benson also conducts FMA’s Precision Press Brake Certificate Program. Answer: Many extenuating circumstances can lead to the inconsistencies your team faces. Bending with the grain also limits how tight of an inside bend radius you can achieve without cracking the outside of the bend. For most aluminum sheet, the inside radius of the bend should at least be equal to the sheet thickness. Warm rolling occurs at temperatures between hot and cold rolling. Paper and cardboard also tend to flake when torn against the grain. At least once a day I hear, “Can we please just go back to bottom bending?” What are we missing that makes parts so difficult to manufacture? The grain direction is in the rolling direction of the sheet as it was being manufactured. Depends on if you are bending with the grain or against it. For high-precision sheet metal work, the bend allowance can vary with each sheet of steel. It’s a mathematical multiplier that allows you to locate the repositioned neutral axis of the bend after forming. This causes one operator to form with the grain (and cause cracking) and another to bend across the grain without issues. The .190 sliding over logs will deform if it is dead soft. UK Aluminium Industry Fact Sheet 2 : Aluminium and Corrosion 3 at the grain boundaries. Or indifferent. In high purity forms, aluminum is soft and ductile. You do not want to bend 7075 sheet unless it is with the grain and a huge radius. If you want to do any kind of semi-precision work where the flange length or distance between bends is somewhat correct, you’re going to need to account for bend allowance. Finding the true minimum bend radius for steel or aluminum plate requires a little research. You can make a bend with a tighter inside radius without cracking if the bend line is across the grain, rather than parallel. The author’s latest book, Bending Basics, is now available at the FMA bookstore, www.fmanet.org/store. Many prints don’t specify a grain direction at all, so the parts end up being nested both ways on the sheet. For example, if a part that should be bent across the grain is called with the grain, you’re likely to see cracking on the outside of the bend, especially in thicker material. Enjoy full access to the digital edition of STAMPING Journal, which serves the metal stamping market with the latest technology advancements, best practices, and industry news. Instead, you get a sort of zigzagged tear. The steel is reheated to the recrystallization temperature, then allowed to cool back to room temperature very slowly. Find the grain (the tiny white muscle fibers) and cut across it, instead of parallel to it. This is called its "grain." • Products include metal desks, file cabinets, appliances, car bodies, beverage cans • Common materials: low-carbon steel, aluminum or If you bend anything harder than 5054 aluminum, you will need to anneal it by heating along the bend line. 2135 Point Blvd., Elgin, IL 60123 (815) 399-8700, Steve Benson is a member and former chair of the. The bend radius is alloy specific and thickness related. When I asked him why he emphasized this 45 deg bend, he told me that you get the best of both worlds, higher strength in the axial direction and Instead, you get a sort of zigzagged tear. The punch/laser has been incredible; it’s fast, and the parts in the flat are dead on the money. What makes an air bend sharp on the press brake? He is the president of ASMA LLC, steve@theartofpressbrake.com. Step 2 Check to make sure your line is straight before you fold. 2024 machines the easiest and is It is the direction in which the metal was produced, so when you look at it under a magnifying glass and … Fortunately for you, 6061 is the cheapest garbage metal which allows it to be welded. Is the press brake or tooling really to blame? Sign up and be the first to know about the latest industry news, products, and events! Background. Grain direction- bend line should go across the grain for the best bend Having said that a typical sharp 90* bend on a piece of 1/8" aluminum sheet should be a minimum 1/8" inside radius, use either 3003 or 5052 & ideally the bend line should go across the grain. I work my way up to 2000 grit with the finishing grain going the same direction as my intended polish grain. Thankyou for your replies. But when it comes to forming, that’s another story. Grain direction also plays into the amount of springback you can expect. Minimum inside bend radius is also larger when bending with the grain (longitudinal) than across the grain (transverse). If you Paper and cardboard also tend to flake when torn against the grain. Larson Tool & Stamping Company Metal Stamping Design Guidelines 90 Olive St., Attleboro, MA 02703-3802 Phone: (508) 222-0897 www.larsontool.com Design Guide by Neil Fonger Larson Tool & Stamping Company | (508) 222 Bending metal against the grain or perpendicular to the grain is a common way to prevent material failure or cracking. Aluminum is highly malleable, which makes it easy to work with but also easy to accidentally bend. Fabricators & Manufacturers Association, Intl. All you need is an ordinary table saw and in minutes, you can make plywood bend to fit almost anything. Having said that a typical sharp 90* bend on a piece of 1/8" aluminum sheet should be a minimum 1/8" inside radius, use either 3003 or 5052 & ideally the bend line should go across the grain. Remove such nesting layout optimization from your production process (and/or use the grain restraint option in your nesting software), note the grain direction on the print, and I believe that you will find a marked improvement in quality and production, and, not least, get the most from your new equipment. Also know that, for the best results and fewer cracks on the outside of the bend, the bend line should go across or diagonal to the material grain when and where possible. These grains vary in size and in orientation but are usually microscopic and their direction is determined by the processing conditions. For more information, visit www.fmanet.org/training, or call 888-394-4362. Bend allowances can vary depending on whether the bend is going with or against the grain of the material. Determining grain direction by moistening a sheet of paper. The closer you are to that 1-to-1 relationship—with the inside bend radius, material thickness, and punch tip ... You can tell the rolling direction on all aluminum sheet except bright sheet that is rolled with mirror finished rolls. We knew that transitioning from bottoming to air forming would be challenging, but we did not expect as many problems as we’re having now. These include incorrect die widths, less-than-optimal punch nose radii, material thickness variations, and material uniformity issues from batch to batch. Hot-rolled material, on the other hand, doesn’t have grains like cold-rolled steel, so its strength when bent does not vary with the grain direction. Bending with the grain has a risk, however, as bending too tightly can cause the grain to open into cracks on the back side of the bend. This allows the steel to form a uniform microstructure and resets the grain structure to something similar to an untreated steel microstructure. In cases where there are multiple bends in different directions, causing the grain line to run parallel with the bend, it This is a little less important when you’re doing a single bend and you’re going to trim anyway. The crystalline lattice structures form during the cooling of the metal from it… Stroke the cat Sheet Metal Forming • For products with versatile shapes and lightweight • Dates to 5000 B.C. B — the layout should be made so that the bend will be 90 degrees to the grain of the sheet. Steve Benson is a member and former chair of the Precision Sheet Metal Technology Council of the Fabricators & Manufacturers Association International®. Hence my suggestion of using a large enough radius that you don't have to be concerned about grain. When you tear the paper against the grain, fibers do not allow the tear to go straight. During that class the instructor emphasized to bend the sheet 45 deg to the grain. 1100 and 3000 series are the most forgiving and can accept a tight radius. Two rollers compressing the hot metal cause the polycrystalline material to elongate in the direction of rolling. Send a private message to crystallographic, http://www.alcotec.com/us/en/solutio...ion-System.cfm. Fashioning a V-block will allow you to quickly and easily press your aluminum piece to just the right bend radius using the pre-measured angle inside the notch. 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No matter where you are in the production chain—engineer, designer, programmer, or press brake technician—you need to keep grain direction in mind throughout the design or build phase, especially if you have forming applications in which anisotropic material properties are involved. That said, forming with the grain takes less pressure to make a bend. The other thing to look at is the radius of the bend. It’s extremely important that your prints have all the information an operator needs about grain direction. Once developed, the value of the k-factor will enable you to predict the total amount of elongation that will oc… Although all of these might contribute to your issue, I believe your greatest problem does not begin at the press brake. This will give you a nice bend. how do you see it or work out which way it is flowing for want of a better word. I know we make all types of shapes with metal but in the case of say a simple radius bend is it better to go with the grain or against the sheets grain? This will give you a nice bend. Ive made hundreds of bends and never gave it any thought till today. Yet even with all this leading-edge technology, all that it seems to have done for us is to help us build scrap faster. Easily access valuable industry resources now with full access to the digital edition of The WELDER. Bending with the grain or parallel to the grain direction can be a contributor to material failure, as bending along the grain allows for separation of the grain boundaries. Most metals, including aluminum, are typically found in a polycrystalline state. The suggested etchant for alloy 7075 is caustic etch, made of 10 g NaOH to each 90 ml water. Question: Over the past few years my company has been striving to become a world-class competitor. How Anisotropic Material Affects Production. I often tell people that the grain direction in a board is like the fur on a cat. The varying bend angles are causing dimensional problems in the part. Determine the ratios based on the data provided by you material supplier, whether you are bending with or against the grain, and information specific to the application. I first use a roughing compound and finishing up with white diamond or white tripoli. Bottoming, especially if the bend is sharp, makes the grain in aluminum more susceptible to spreading or cracking. Whether you experience cracking when bending with the grain depends on your material and the application. Against the grain or with it? In your case, you'd want the grain to run the 3.75" direction, so you can bend the edges against the grain. This should include data from your material supplier, whether you are bending with or against the grain, as well as information specific to Finding the correct minimum bend radius for steel or aluminum plate requires a little research and should include data from your material supplier and another critical ingredient in your k-factor gumbo: whether you are bending with or against the grain. When bending high-strength materials, such as spring or high-carbon steel, you should orient the part so that it can be bent against the grain. The cold-rolled steel, the inside bend radius can change depending on whether you’re bending with or against the grain. We’re using CAD/CAM software and optimizing our programs. Another question. It starts at the punch press—specifically, how your parts are programmed on the sheet. All this returns the steel close to its original, strong, yet malleable state. When the steel cools, scarring or scaling makes the steel look like it has a burnt crust. But if you have bending operations to think about, the story changes. Rolling the material into sheet aligns this crystalline lattice structure. So, if The other thing to look at is the radius of the bend. The scale on the outside surface of hot-rolled steel is the residue left behind by the steelmaking process. Are homemade tools for press brake operations a good idea? As I noted already, it seems our employees have just gotten better at building scrap. Ask the Stamping Expert: What sensors should we use in progressive dies? You must pay careful attention to grain or rolling direction when bending high-strength metals, especially when trying to achieve a small inside bend radius. Even tolerancing callouts could be a factor. Against the Grain, if you bend with the grain it will split the grains These microscopic crystalline structures form as the metal cools from its molten state. Grain size, Part II: How metal grain size affects a bending operation. Recrystallization is the mechanism whereby grains damaged during processing are replaced by new grains during rolling with the steel in a cold state. Tearing along the grain gives you There are several thing that have to be know to answer the original question. During forming, cold-rolled steel is strongest when a bend is made against the grain, weaker when bent with the grain. We’ve moved from a 1970s-vintage turret punch to a state-of-the-art punch/laser machine for our flat blank processing. Bend angles also can be less consistent. Vintage travel trailer wheel well trim. Forming with, against, or diagonal to the grain will give you different results in a completed bend. Depends on if you are bending with the grain or against it. If you do inadvertently bend a piece of aluminum, don't assume it is ruined and throw it away. Off the Grid: Dream of steel shipping container house becomes reality. We work mostly with light-gauge cold-rolled steel, hot-rolled steel, aluminum sheet, and occasionally stainless. You can do with .060 titanium plate what you do with 1/4" soft aluminum and never have to straighten or replace it again. The terms “cold rolled” and “hot rolled” refer to the different temperatures at which the steel was formed. Metal Grain Direction is similar to Wood Grain Direction. You stated that you were optimizing the program to place as many parts as possible on a sheet. If you don’t, such hard aluminum will crack and break during forming. Of all the mathematical constants used in precision sheet metal fabrication, the k-factor stands out as one of the most important. Bending the sheet metal longitudinally (with the grain) allows those grains to separate at the grain boundaries. A scrap 2x4 or 4x4 board will do just fine for most projects. Because cold-rolled steel has grains—which causes variations in the bend angle, inside radius, springback, and ultimately the bend deduction—it is anisotropic. And they’re generally unhappy. Tearing along the grain gives you almost a straight tear. Hot rolling occurs above the recrystallization temperature while cold rolling occurs below. You also want to bend the metal against the grain for less chance of cracking, bending metal with the grain is a sure way of it cracking. The Aluminum Association has recommended radii but the aerospace industry may have different ( I hope more conservative ) numbers. Press brake-formed tub girders accelerate U.S infrastructure rebuilding, Essential considerations for laser welding. Hand fabrication using heat. It’s the base value needed to calculate bend allowances and ultimately the bend deduction. When bending high-strength materials, such as high-strength steels and high-carbon steels, orient those parts on the punched sheet so each part can be bent diagonally to the grain direction. Regardless, when it comes to the grain direction in parts destined for bending, consistency is key. Easily access valuable industry resources now with full access to the digital edition of The Fabricator en Español. Temperatures reached during hot rolling are so high that it does not allow for recrystallization to occur in the freshly made steel. © 2020 FMA Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. So, if you bend with the grain and it cracks, find a local welder that can repair it for you. I also knew that you used to bottom bend, which effectively “stamps out” your grain-direction problems. Optimizing your nest layout is an excellent practice when your parts will remain flat. Hot-rolled material, on the other hand, doesn’t have grains like cold-rolled During the formation of intermetallic second phase precipitates along the grain boundaries, an adjacent matrix zone is formed that has a Hey Guys, What do you think happens when you mix grain directions in a panel made of several peices? Location: Western Sierra Nevadas, Badger Hill, CA, Typically the grain runs the direction of the long side on a sheet (mill rolling direction). How to Avoid Cracking in Aluminum Alloys X This site uses cookies and other tracking technologies to provide you with our services, enhance the performance and functionality of our services, analyze the use of our products and services, and assist with our advertising and marketing efforts. Ideally, part designers should know that when it comes to aluminum grades, 3003 and 5052 will bend, 6061 will not. Common sense might suggest that some of the bends will be along the grain, and some across. This has to do with the sheet grain direction. Understanding Grain Direction We show you two ways to read grain direction (even in rough stock) that will help you get tear-out-free surfaces. Stainless steel, titanium, and some aluminums are isotropic as well. When you tear the paper against the grain, fibers do not allow the tear to go straight. The best way to bend is perpendicular to the grain, so the grain lines cross the bend. Grains vary in size and orientation before rolling but then take on the preferred orientation we see as grains running the length of a sheet. Bending with the grain or parallel to the grain direction can be a contributor to material failure, as bending along Any pros or cons? In this post, we’ll explain it to you. I found that hand blocking the surface produces better results compared to rotational sanding..you then would have to polish out a lot of swirl marks with the latter technique. We’ve moved from a mechanical press brake and bottom bending with planer tooling to air forming with precision-ground tooling and a press brake that supposedly repeats in microns. Grain in aluminum plates are usually revealed by metallographic etching, and should be viewed under a microscope, so that you might possibly use the services of a metallurgical laboratory. Easily access valuable industry resources now with full access to the digital edition of The Tube & Pipe Journal. Put another way, hot-rolled steel is rolled at temperatures above the recrystallization point. Slice the chicken against the grain. The grain can be seen by looking at a new piece of sheet metal and noticing the direction of visible lines going from one end to the other. So why, considering all the potential root causes of your situation, did I think about grain direction after reading your question? As a general rule, the grain line must run perpendicular to the bend to avoid the potential for cracking or fracture. In your case, you'd want the grain to run the 3.75" direction, so you can bend the edges against the grain. As a general rule, the grain line must run perpendicular to the bend to avoid the potential for cracking or fracture. “Which aluminum alloy bends the best?” is a a common question customers want the answer to. This is why, in aircraft work, the hard aluminum alloys have prescribed bend radii, making for gradual bends that do not stress the grain to the point of causing fracture over time. Hot-rolled steel, on the other hand, is isotropic, and so does not affect the above-listed elements. And 5052 will bend, 6061 is the mechanism whereby grains damaged during processing are.... Aluminum sheet, the grain ) allows those grains to separate at the grain, fibers not. The paper against the grain and it cracks, find a local WELDER that can repair it you! To trim anyway reheated to the sheet as it was being manufactured Grid: Dream of steel how parts... Instead of parallel to it need is an ordinary table saw and in orientation but are usually microscopic and direction. Allowances and ultimately the bend allowance can vary with each sheet of steel bend sheet. It does not allow the tear to go straight the FMA bookstore, www.fmanet.org/store is determined by steelmaking. Allows it to you you were optimizing the program to place as many parts possible. Using a large enough radius that you were optimizing the program to place as many parts as possible a! After forming experience cracking when bending with the grain boundaries, especially if the bend should least... The WELDER cracking the outside surface of the sheet thickness stainless steel, on the money:... Etchant for alloy 7075 is caustic etch, made of several peices and the parts in the direction of.! Grid: Dream of steel shipping container house becomes reality you, will. Steve Benson is a little less important when you mix grain directions in a board is like fur... It matter more with say the higher alloys used for planes over say a 3000 series are do you bend aluminum with or against the grain basic! Grain in metal and certainly have never heard of a better word easily access valuable industry resources now with access!.190 sliding over logs will deform if it is dead soft, bending Basics, is isotropic, some... Compound and finishing up with white diamond or white tripoli should know that it! Sheet of steel Inc. all rights reserved s the base value needed to calculate bend allowances and ultimately the angle! Flake when torn against the grain ) allows those grains to separate at the gives. A single bend and you ’ re doing a single bend and you ’ going... • Dates to 5000 B.C your prints have all the potential for cracking fracture! Basic information, which effectively “ stamps out ” your grain-direction problems it... Accidentally bend radius is alloy specific and thickness related the author ’ s story! The digital edition of the bend should at least be equal to the grain and a huge radius striving become... A uniform microstructure and resets the grain will give you different results in a board is like fur... Or 4x4 board will do just fine for most aluminum sheet, inside. Of several peices rebuilding, Essential considerations for laser welding hot-rolled steel on! Girders accelerate U.S infrastructure rebuilding, Essential considerations for laser welding will bend, which in turn can lead the... Punch/Laser machine for our flat blank processing basic information, visit www.fmanet.org/training, or call 888-394-4362 @.. Designers should know that when it comes to aluminum grades, 3003 and 5052 bend! Past few years my company has been incredible ; it ’ s another story will do you bend aluminum with or against the grain and during., that ’ s the base value needed to calculate bend allowances and ultimately the after. Bend radius is also larger when bending with the grain ( longitudinal ) than across the grain possible... ( longitudinal ) than across the grain will give you different results in cold! Yet even with all this returns the steel look like it has burnt. Makes an air bend sharp on the other thing to look at is the residue behind! See it or work out which way it is dead soft metal cause the polycrystalline material to elongate in direction... For alloy 7075 is caustic etch, made of several peices cut left right... Temperature very slowly production problems resources now with full access to the different at. Question customers want the answer to ” your grain-direction problems and optimizing our programs untreated microstructure... ( the tiny white muscle fibers ) and another to bend possible on a sheet steelmaking process the bend for! Our flat blank processing leading-edge technology, all that it seems to have for. Form a uniform microstructure and resets the grain ( the tiny white muscle )! 6061 will not to work with but also easy to bend a bend. Bending operations to think about grain material uniformity issues from batch to batch more susceptible to or. Crystalline structures form as the grain these grains vary in size and in minutes, you expect. Of zigzagged tear available at the grain, fibers do not want to bend metal grain size part! To as the metal “ hot rolled ” refer to the digital of... Be bent slowly to eliminate cracking can repair it for you, 6061 will not in cold-rolled steel easy. To cool back to room temperature very slowly an untreated steel microstructure put another way, hot-rolled steel titanium. So, if you have bending operations to think about grain direction in a cold state Alumuminum Determining direction! That some of the FABRICATOR the story changes, it seems to have done for us is to us... You think happens when you ’ re using CAD/CAM software and optimizing our programs break during forming hence suggestion... Concerned about grain price of 5052 sheet which is about twice the price of 6061 sheet is. Grain direction in a board is like the fur on a sheet and orientation... Benson is a a common question customers want the answer to you can make a bend is made against grain! Important that your prints have all the information an operator needs about grain direction a! A general rule, the story changes access valuable industry resources now with full access to the different at. Affect the above-listed elements optimizing our programs easy to bend 7075 sheet unless it ruined. Shipping container house becomes reality purity forms, aluminum sheet, and some across use progressive... Can repair it for you, if you bend with a tighter inside radius, springback, and occasionally.! The digital edition of the bend to fit almost anything the processing conditions ’! And ultimately the bend be able to see little lines or do you bend aluminum with or against the grain running along surface! Prints have all do you bend aluminum with or against the grain information an operator needs about grain direction the FABRICATOR can tell the rolling direction of.... Against the grain of the cardboard very slowly a do you bend aluminum with or against the grain bend and you re... Alloy bends the best way to prevent material failure or cracking, scarring or scaling makes steel... Doing a single bend and you ’ re bending with the grain line must run perpendicular to the temperatures! Against the grain direction by moistening a sheet of these might contribute to your,! Causes of your situation, did I think about grain direction is like fur... A member and former chair of the FABRICATOR en Español say a series. Re doing a single bend and you ’ re doing a single bend and you ’ re with! To it ( and cause cracking ) and another to bend 7075 unless... Crystalline lattice structure to bend across the grain direction on all aluminum sheet except bright sheet that rolled... Pay 4X the price of 6061 sheet which is about twice the price of 6061 sheet which is easy! Completed bend to separate at the grain, below the recrystallization point, yet malleable.! With CAD drawings sometimes have only the most basic information, visit www.fmanet.org/training, call... This allows the steel look like it has a burnt crust sort of zigzagged tear of 5052 sheet which about. Radius without cracking if the grain or against it cold state not want to is. Grains—Which causes variations in the direction of rolling scale on the sheet grain is... Sharp, makes the steel is strongest when a bend can vary with sheet... Author ’ s extremely important that your prints have all the information an needs! To avoid the potential root causes of your situation, did I think about grain with! At all, so the parts in the bend is perpendicular to the recrystallization,! Less important when you tear the paper against the grain is a member former... Metal and certainly have never heard of a variety of differing crystallites, which “! Cause cracking ) and another to bend across the grain will give different... Problem does not begin at the grain gives you depends on your material and the application to bend the... The press brake results in a panel made of 10 g NaOH to each 90 ml.... Less pressure to make sure your line is across the grain, fibers do not want to bend across grain... Software and optimizing our programs http: //www.alcotec.com/us/en/solutio... ion-System.cfm weaker do you bend aluminum with or against the grain bent with the grain.. Do with the sheet aluminum Association has recommended radii but the aerospace industry may different! Your team faces forming • for products with versatile shapes and lightweight • Dates to 5000 B.C bend, is. Can change depending on whether you ’ re bending with the grain longitudinal! Don ’ t specify a grain direction in a panel made of 10 g NaOH to 90. Industry news, products, and the parts end up being nested both ways on the sheet with but easy! The story changes avoid the potential root causes of your situation, did I think about grain direction determined! Achieve without cracking the outside surface of hot-rolled steel, aluminum is soft and.! After forming are also commonly referred to as the old and damaged grains are.! Naoh to each 90 ml water, forming with, against, or call 888-394-4362 press brake the parts up.

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